雅思高分寫作 IELTS/ Linguaskill Writing- Lexical Resource

在本篇文章中，我示範雅思寫作Writing Task 2申論題, 考官必須要看到的關鍵詞彙。清楚這些詞彙使用，考生應在40分鐘內，使用詞彙寫出一篇符合考官要求 Lexical Resource, 有想法,文章結構與連貫性,條理的文章。

Marking Scheme

IELTS 寫作測驗評分標準分為四項：

Task Response : 任務完成/回答情況　
Coherence and Cohesion:　文章結構與連貫性
Lexical Resource :　詞彙使用
Grammatical Range and Accuracy : 文法及正確性

先細讀要拿到寫作測驗 7分或以上，在Lexical Resource 詞彙使用, 考官對你的文章的要求是：

Band 9 : uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor errors

Band 8 : uses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey precise meanings, skillfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation, produces rare errors

Band 7 : uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision, uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation

一般來說，大家覺得在寫作中用的詞彙越多越好=即是要背很多的單字。然而
這句說話對了一半。
背單字不是只要背單字. 而是把單字正常的搭配用法一起記下來, 要學會搭配用法。

文章結構是否有 ( a wide range of vocabulary )，看起來是否流暢 ( very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; )，以下是關鍵：

1. Different Parts of Speech/ Forms of the word 詞性變化

2. Word Chunks 語塊搭配用法

1. Different Parts of Speech/ Forms of the word 詞性變化

一個單字，可能有多於一個詞性變化：是動詞、名詞、又有可能會是介系詞、連接詞等等。

什麼是詞性？

名詞 (noun)：地球上一切人事物的「名稱」，就是名詞

She had some exciting adventures in Egypt.

Betty ran quickly

the United States of America

the United Arab Emirates

動詞 (verb)：描述動作或是存在狀態的詞性

she smiled cheerfully

形容詞 (adjective)：用來描述(或修飾)「名詞」或「代名詞」

the house was spotlessly clean

副詞 (adverb)：用來描述(或修飾)動詞、形容詞、副詞，或是整句

she smiled cheerfully

the house was spotlessly clean

介系詞 (preposition)：表在地方，在時間，或是片語、用法搭配的功能字

We jumped in the lake

She drove slowly down the track

連接詞 (conjunction)：用來連接單字、片語或是句子的詞性

‘and’, ‘but’, ‘while’, or ‘although‘

詞性變化示範 “Confuse”

Confuse verb

You’re confusing him! Tell him slowly and one thing at a time.你把他搞糊塗了！慢慢跟他講，一次說一件事。
Stop confusing the issue (= making the problem unnecessarily difficult)!別再把事情越搞越亂！

You’re confusing me with my sister – she’s the singer.你把我當成我姐姐了——她才是歌手。
It’s easy to confuse his films, because he tends to use the same actors.他的影片很容易混淆，因爲他老是用相同的演員。

confusing adjective

We have two people called Paul James working here, so it’s a bit confusing!我們這裡有兩個叫保羅‧詹姆斯的僱員，所以會有點讓人糊塗！
The instructions are really confusing. Could you help me with them, please?這些使用說明太讓人費解了。你能幫我看一下嗎？

Confused adjective

Grandpa gets pretty confused sometimes, and doesn’t even know what day it is.祖父有的時候很糊塗，甚至不知道當天是星期幾。

I’m a bit confused. Was that her husband or her son she was with? 我有些糊塗。跟她在一起的是她丈夫還是她兒子？

Confusion noun

There seems to be some confusion over who is actually giving the talk.好像不是很清楚到底是誰作報告。
In the confusion after the bomb blast, I lost my bag and wasn’t able to stop and look for it.在爆炸發生後的一片混亂中，我丟了袋子，也無法停下來尋找。

2. Word Chunks 語塊搭配用法

Language production may be adequate but often lacks the characteristics of natural speech具備足夠語言產出能力，表達卻不夠自然！？-Jack C. Richards（英語教學大師）

英文口說大多正確且流暢，但有時聽起來不自然。英文口說缺乏適當的:

語塊（chunks）和會話慣用語 ( lexical phrases, set phrases, fixed phrases )

Chunks include lexical phrases, set phrases, and fixed phrases. A listener or reader uses their knowledge of chunks to help them predict meaning and therefore be able to process language in real time, such as idioms, collocations and verb patterns.e.g. ‘Utter disaster’, ‘by the way’, ‘at the end of the day’, ‘encourage + someone + infinitive’, ‘dependent + on’ are all examples of chunks.

在雅思寫作Writing Task 2申論題能有效、恰當且被充分理解, 儘可能和英語為母語人士越相近越好。語塊的練習可以透過以下幾點：

觀察自然對話的例子和注意所出現的模式

1 do you know what I mean（你懂我的意思嗎）
2            at the end of the day（在某天的最後）
3            and all the rest of it（所有其餘的）
4            and all that sort of thing（所有那類的事）
5            I don’t know what it is（我不知道那是什麼）
6            but at the end of the（但是在…之後）
7            and this that and the other（這些所有的全部）
8            from the point of view of（以…的觀點）
9            a hell of a lot of（許多…）
10           in the middle of the night（半夜）
11           do you want me to do（你想要我做…嗎）
12           on the other side of the（另一方面）
13           I don’t know what to do（我不知道該怎麼辦）
14           and all this sort of thing（諸如此類的事情）
15           and at the end of the（在…的最後）
16           if you see what I mean（如果你明白我的意思）
17           do you want to have a（你要不要來個…）
18           if you know what I mean（如果你懂我的意思）

Source : Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English, O’Keeffe, 2007, 劍橋大學出版社Touchstone系列書籍 )

觀察更多範例注意所出現的模式使用語塊

使用英文時能夠起來自然，那些語調必須用原本在英文中的樣子呈現。舉例來說，為什麼我們和某人第一次見面時會說「很高興認識你」，而不是「認識你很高興」.

＊This one’s on me.（這個我請客）
＊I’ll be making a move then.（那麼我將採取行動）
＊It was lovely to see you.（很開心見到你）
＊I see what you mean.（我懂你的意思）
＊Thanks for coming.（感謝蒞臨）
＊Let me think about it.（讓我考慮看看）
＊I don’t believe a word of it.（鬼才會相信呢）
＊Just looking, thanks.（只是看看，謝謝）
＊I don’t get the point.（我不明白）
＊I’ll be with you in a minute.（我馬上回來）
＊You look great today.（你今天看起來很漂亮）
＊It doesn’t matter.（這無所謂）
＊As I was saying…（承如我所說…）

雅思寫作Writing Task 2申論題考官必須要看到的關鍵語塊 Word Chunks

Here are 20 collocations that you can use to improve your essay in IELTS Writing Task 2 :

1-To play/have a(n) important/key/vital/crucial role in (doing) sth: to play an important part in sth

University education plays a crucial role in improving the quality of human workforce.

2-To make significant/substantial/valuable/ great/outstanding contribution to sth

The medical advances have made outstanding contributions to the public’s health care.

3-To solve the problem

Whoever created this problem should solve it.

4-To be key factors influencing something

The number of the vehicles used is the key factors influencing pollution.

5-To reap the benefits (of sth) – gain benefit from something/ make the most of something

The customers reap the benefits of globalization.

6- To be a contributing factor: to be one of the main causes of sth

The vaccination program has been a contributing factor in the improvement of health standards.

7-To contribute to sth

Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.

8-To gain/derive benefit (from sth)

Many students derived enormous benefit from the course.

9-To have a right to do sth = to be entitled to do sth

Everyone should have the right to freedom of expression.
Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.

10-To benefit greatly/enormously/considerably … from sth

Many thousands have benefited considerably from the new treatment.

11-To have/enjoy/achieve a huge/great success in doing sth

We want all our students to achieve a huge success in the exam

12- To launch a full-scale investigation into sth

The authorities are planning to launch a full-scale investigation into the crash.

13- To meet the need of/demand

The charity exists to meet the needs of elderly people.

14-To fulfil a role/duty/function/ an aim/a goal/an objective/dream/ambition/hope

Visiting Disneyland has fulfilled a boyhood dream.

15-To fulfil a requirement/condition/obligation

Britain was accused of failing to fulfill its obligation under the EU Treaty.

16-To fulfil a promise/pledge = to keep a promise

I’d like to see him fulfill his promise to reorganize the army.

17-To satisfy sb’s needs/demands/desires/requirements

The program is designed to satisfy the needs of adult learners.

18-To have/gain knowledge/understanding of sth

The need to gain knowledge about birth control.

19- To have/make common cause (with/against)

XX officials expect other Western governments to make common cause with them over the arrests.

20- To cause somebody to do something

What caused you to change your mind ?

Source :

Richards, J. C.著的「Moving Beyond the Plateau From Intermediate to Advanced Levels in Language Learning」2008年劍橋大學出版社
參照英語原稿劍橋英語學習網 e-Connection 七月號 http://cambridge.hwatai.com.tw/webpage/e_connection/july/epapper_200807_2.htm

雅思高分寫作 IELTS/ Linguaskill Writing- Lexical Resource

Marking Scheme