IELTS/ Linguaskill 寫作測驗評分標準分為四項：
- Task Response : 任務完成/回答情況
- Coherence and Cohesion: 文章結構與連貫性
- Lexical Resource : 詞彙使用
- Grammatical Range and Accuracy : 文法及正確性
在本篇文章中，我示範雅思寫作Writing Task 2申論題, 考官必須要看到的關鍵。清楚這些關鍵，考生應在40分鐘內，寫出一篇符合考官要求 Coherence and Cohesion 有想法,文章結構與連貫性,條理的文章。
Marking Scheme 評分項目
先細讀要拿到寫作測驗 Band 7 或以上，在 IELTS 評分項目 : Coherence and Cohesion, 考官對你的文章的要求是：
Band 7 : logically organises information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout of uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately.
Band 8 : sequences information and ideas logically, and manages all aspects of cohesion well by using paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately
Band 9 : uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention of skillfully manages paragraphing
以下為我根據過往IELTS 寫作 task 2 教學，給考生的建議：
文章結構是否有連貫性 ( logically organising information and ideas )，看起來是否流暢，以下是關鍵：
- Sign-post Words 指示代名詞
- Reference phrase 代名詞片語
- Conjunctions 連接詞
1. Sign-post Words 指示代名詞
所謂指示代名詞 是可以用來代替文章中出現過的一些詞彙或意見。
Sign-post words directs sequences information and ideas logically, and manages all aspects of cohesion well.
this /that, these/those, such
要注意的是使用這種代名詞的時候,
必須要跟之前所指的東西是同一樣; 整句句子或是段落看起來，才會讓人明白。
e.g. Disruptive students might think they are given up on by society.
( Disruptive students = 指 they )
In this kind of environment ( 指= Disruptive students might think they are given up on by society ) , students tend to develop negative attitudes and become troublemakers in society.
To prevent this situation ( 指= students tend to develop negative attitudes and become troublemakers in society ) from happening, some people claim that we should not separate students.
2. Reference phrase 代名詞片語
in such cases /in these cases /in cases like these /in cases such as these
e.g. In some cases, students may actually become disruptive because they have fallen behind their classmates academically. In such cases ( = 指students may actually become disruptive because they have fallen behind their classmates academically ) , the most effective solution to students behavioural problems might be to address their academic problems in a more focussed way.
3. Conjunctions/ Logical Relations 連接詞
Writing Task 2 is not about showcasing your grand ideas,
but it is about displaying a variety of sentence types with your writing style.
-IELTS寫作評分標準
善用連接詞能讓文章內容前後呼應、脈絡更清晰、條理分明，讀者能更容易閱讀、更有效地得到文中想表達的訊息。該如何使用連接詞使句子及整篇文章更順暢?
連接詞有以下幾個最基本的邏輯：
- 雖然但是
- 因為所以
- 先後第一第二第三最後
- 比較對比
- 補充
坊間有很多關於這種連接詞表，大家可能也背過，不過使用起來, 大家不一定懂得如何正確使用/ 放在自己的文章中。
| Relation | Across sentences | Within a sentence |
|---|---|---|
| ADDITION & REPLACEMENT 補充 | also in addition furthermore moreover further besides likewise in the same way similarly | and, and also nor or, or else |
| CONTRAST & COMPARISON 雖然但是, 對比, 比較 | however on the other hand in contrast on the contrary instead nevertheless even so despite this still yet in the same way likewise similarly | but whereas while yet even though although (just) as while both…and neither…nor |
| CAUSE & CONDITION 因為所以 | for this reason therefore because of this thus hence as a result consequently that being so in that case otherwise | because since so so that in order that if…(then) if (+ neg verb) |
| EXEMPLIFICATION & RESTATEMENT | for instance to illustrate this for example in other words that is to put it another way to sum up in brief to clarify | |
| TIME & PLACE 先後第一第二第三最後 | then afterwards previously up till now first second(ly) thirdly next finally at this/that point | when/once after before where here/there |
Annie Mok 